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| Home About Gary Issues News Volunteer Media Contact Us | With the ongoing concentration and centralization of production, increase investment, trade, in case of factories with many thousands of employees and changing the very notion of small and large enterprises. An estimate of the enterprise depends on the time, industries and the country where it is. The company, which on a scale a few decades ago belonged to the category of large, can now be regarded as secondary or even smaller. The concept of large-scale enterprise in trade, services, construction and industry cannot match exactly. Meanwhile, the classification of economic units, depending on their size has not only theoretical but also practical significance. Large and small household units play a different role in the economy, have a different organizational structure, and use differing methods of management. They are built differently factual and legal relationship between employer and worker collectives. State will apply to each of these categories a particular policy, both in economic and in social matters. What is the criterion defines the separation of small and large businesses? For a long time, such a criterion was considered the number of employees on their employees. But even if you had only one indicator of this was often insufficient, under modern conditions it shall not be used in isolation from other factors. On the latest automated factory may be a relatively small staff busy. However, in terms of output, for his role in the economy of this plant than many less mechanized enterprises in the same industry, although they were up and running much more than employees. In the economic literature and in practice, the administrative authorities of different countries to distinguish between small and large businesses made use of several criteria. In one of the economic research indicates that the purpose of international comparisons to determine the value of a business organization should consider the following factors: 1) the amount of fixed capital, 2) the number of commas and office workers, 3) the volume of commercial traffic, and 4) the role of business in society, or his "reputation" In essence, the combination of these factors taken into account with this or other disabilities as economists, and law. By "reputable" companies understand its position in a particular sector of the economy. If it is a dominant, monopoly, this criterion comes to the forefront and becomes the determining factor. Such a treatment of this issue, in particular, is clearly manifested in the classification system adopted by the U.S. Small Business Administration. In the U.S. industry should be attributed to the sphere of small business companies with capital assets to $ 1 million adjoins to them a group of companies with assets of $ 1-5 million limit the number of employees in companies with the capital-50-150 people (depending on the fluctuations in the organic composition of capital in different industries). In the fields of trade, services and housing, where the concentration of capital is less, the upper limit should be considered small business assets up to 250 thousand dollars. They correspond to the maximum number of employees - 15-20 people. For other countries, where the lower the organic composition of capital, characterized by different quantitative criteria. For example, in Japan in accordance with the basic law on small business by small firms are considered: a) in the manufacturing industry - the company with a capital of 50 million yen (about 130 thousand dollars), and (or) with the number of employees up to 300 people; b) in the sectors of trade and services company, with a capital of 10 million yen. |